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Top Hive Commands with Examples

 
 Apache Hive - Wikipedia
 
In this blog post, let’s discuss top Hive commands with examples:

If you are familiar with SQL, it’s a cakewalk. Many users can simultaneously query the data using Hive-QL.

What is HQL?

Hive defines a simple SQL-like query language to querying and managing large datasets called Hive-QL ( HQL ). It’s easy to use if you’re familiar with SQL Language. Hive allows programmers who are familiar with the language to write the custom MapReduce framework to perform more sophisticated analysis.

Components of Hive:

Metastore :
Hive stores the schema of the Hive tables in a Hive Metastore. Metastore is used to hold all the information about the tables and partitions that are in the warehouse. By default, the metastore is run in the same process as the Hive service and the default Metastore is DerBy Database.
SerDe :
Serializer, Deserializer gives instructions to hive on how to process a record.

Hive Commands :

Data Definition Language (DDL )
DDL statements are used to build and modify the tables and other objects in the database.
Example :
CREATE, DROP, TRUNCATE, ALTER, SHOW, DESCRIBE Statements.
Go to Hive shell by giving the command sudo hive and enter the command ‘create database<data base name>’ to create the new database in the Hive.
Create Hive database using Hive Commands
To list out the databases in Hive warehouse, enter the command ‘show databases’.
List Hive database using Hive Commands
The database creates in a default location of the Hive warehouse. In Cloudera, Hive database store in a /user/hive/warehouse.
List Hive database using Hive Commands
The command to use the database is USE <data base name>
Hive command to use the database
Copy the input data to HDFS from local by using the copy From Local command.
Input data in Hive
Hive table
When we create a table in hive, it creates in the default location of the hive warehouse. – “/user/hive/warehouse”, after creation of the table we can move the data from HDFS to hive table.
The following command creates a table with in location of “/user/hive/warehouse/retail.db”
Note : retail.db is the database created in the Hive warehouse.
Creating Database in Hive Warehouse.
Describe provides information about the schema of the table.
Describe - Hive Command
Data Manipulation Language (DML )
DML statements are used to retrieve, store, modify, delete, insert and update data in the database.
Example :
LOAD, INSERT Statements.
Syntax :
LOAD data <LOCAL> inpath <file path> into table [tablename]
The Load operation is used to move the data into corresponding Hive table. If the keyword local is specified, then in the load command will give the local file system path. If the keyword local is not specified we have to use the HDFS path of the file.
DML statement - Load Command
DML statement - Load Command
Here are some examples for the LOAD data LOCAL command
DML statement - Load Command
DML statement - Load Command
After loading the data into the Hive table we can apply the Data Manipulation Statements or aggregate functions retrieve the data.
Example to count number of records:
Count aggregate function is used count the total number of the records in a table.
Example to count number of records:
‘create external’ Table :
The create external keyword is used to create a table and provides a location where the table will create, so that Hive does not use a default location for this table. An EXTERNAL table points to any HDFS location for its storage, rather than default storage.
Create External Command in Hive
Create External Command in Hive
Insert Command:
The insert command is used to load the data Hive table. Inserts can be done to a table or a partition.
• INSERT OVERWRITE is used to overwrite the existing data in the table or partition.
• INSERT INTO is used to append the data into existing data in a table. (Note: INSERT INTO syntax is work from the version 0.8)
Insert Command
Insert Command

Example for ‘Partitioned By’ and ‘Clustered By’ Command :

‘Partitioned by‘ is used to divided the table into the Partition and can be divided in to buckets by using the ‘Clustered By‘ command.
Example for 'Partitioned By' and 'Clustered By' Command
Example for 'Partitioned By' and 'Clustered By' Command
When we insert the data Hive throwing errors, the dynamic partition mode is strict and dynamic partition not enabled (by Jeff at dresshead website). So we need to set the following parameters in Hive shell.
set hive.exec.dynamic.partition=true;
To enable dynamic partitions, by default, it’s false
set hive.exec.dynamic.partition.mode=nonstrict;
Dynamic Partitions
Dynamic Partitions
Dynamic Partitions
Partition is done by the category and can be divided in to buckets by using the ‘Clustered By’ command.
Partition
The ‘Drop Table’ statement deletes the data and metadata for a table. In the case of external tables, only the metadata is deleted.
Drop Table statement
Drop Table statement
The ‘Drop Table’ statement deletes the data and metadata for a table. In the case of external tables, only the metadata is deleted.
Load data local inpath ‘aru.txt’ into table tablename and then we check employee1 table by using Select * from table name command
To count the number of records in table by using Select count(*) from txnrecords;
To count the number of records in table by using Select count(*) from txnrecords;
To count the number of records in table by using Select count(*) from txnrecords;

Aggregation :

Select count (DISTINCT category) from tablename;
This command will count the different category of ‘cate’ table. Here there are 3 different categories.
Suppose there is another table cate where f1 is field name of category.
Count the different category of 'cate' table.
Count the different category of 'cate' table.
Add caption

Grouping :

Group command is used to group the result-set by one or more columns.
Select category, sum( amount) from txt records group by category
It calculates the amount of same category.
Group command
The result one table is stored in to another table.
Create table newtablename as select * from oldtablename;
Group command

Join Command :

Here one more table is created in the name ‘mailid’
Join Command
Join Command

Join Operation:

A Join operation is performed to combining fields from two tables by using values common to each.
Join Operation

Left Outer Join:

The result of a left outer join (or simply left join) for tables A and B always contains all records of the “left” table (A), even if the join-condition does not find any matching record in the “right” table (B).
Left Outer Join
Left Outer Join

Right Outer Join:

A right outer join (or right join) closely resembles a left outer join, except with the treatment of the tables reversed. Every row from the “right” table (B) will appear in the joined table at least once.
Right Outer Join
Right Outer Join

Full Join:

The joined table will contain all records from both tables, and fill in NULLs for missing matches on either side.
Full Join
Once done with hive we can use quit command to exit from the hive shell.

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